Article 3 of the Indian Constitution gives the Parliament the power to make changes related to the internal structure of states, such as altering boundaries, renaming states, or creating new ones. Let’s see what Article 3 states:
Article 3
Parliament may by law—
(a) form a new State by separation of territory from any State or by uniting two or more States or parts of States or by uniting any territory to a part of any State;
(b) increase the area of any State;
(c) diminish the area of any State;
(d) alter the boundaries of any State;
(e) alter the name of any State.
Explanation of Article 3
A. Under this, the Parliament has the power to create a new state by separating a territory from any existing state, or by uniting two or more states or parts of states, or by merging any territory into a part of any state.
B. The area of any state can be increased by adding additional land. This power lies with the Parliament.
C. The area of any state can be reduced or removed. This authority also lies with the Parliament.
D. The boundaries of any state in the country can be altered. This power too is with the Parliament.
E. The name of any state can be changed to another name. This authority also rests with the Parliament.
Essential Conditions:
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Before taking any decision under Article 3, it is mandatory to take the President’s permission. The President’s advice must be sought.
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The President can ask for reconsideration of the bill, and the government has to comply.
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The Parliament is not bound by the views of the state; it can make independent decisions regarding the changes mentioned in Article 3.
Importance of Article 3
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This Article is applicable only to changes within the internal states of the country.
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This Article can help resolve important internal issues or conflicts happening inside or around the states. For example, the formation of Telangana from Andhra Pradesh, or Haryana from Punjab, etc.
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It plays a significant role in reducing inter-state boundary disputes within the country.
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