THE PEEPAL TREE

The First Schedule of the Indian Constitution is connected in some way with Article 1 and Article 4 . It is divided into two parts: the first part lists all the States, and the second part lists all the Union Territories. PART 1: States Andhra Pradesh – Amaravati Formed under the Andhra State Act 1953, reorganized under the States Reorganization Act 1956, and again reorganized under the States Reorganization Act 2014. It is a southern state of India. Arunachal Pradesh – Itanagar Defined and granted statehood under the North Eastern Areas Reorganization Act 1971. Assam – Dispur Reorganized under the Acts of 1951, 1962, and finally the North Eastern Areas Reorganization Act 1971. Bihar – Patna Reorganized under the Bihar Reorganization Act in the year 2000. Chhattisgarh – Raipur Formed under the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act 2000, separating it from Madhya Pradesh. Goa – Panaji Constituted under the Goa, Daman and Diu Reorganization Act 1987. Gujarat –...

Article 1 – Name and territory of the Union India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. The States and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First Schedule. The territory of India shall comprise – (a) the territories of the States; (b) the Union territories specified in the First Schedule ; and (c) such other territories as may be acquired. Explanation of Article 1 Clause 1: India, that is Bharat ‘India, that is Bharat’ shall remain a Union of States. In other words, for the entire world, the name of the country is India, and India is also Bharat — or we can say that constitutionally, both names “India” and “Bharat” are recognized for the country. It shall remain a Union of States — these states cannot separate from the country. This group of states has not been created like a federal agreement (as in the USA); rather, all the states together make up India. States have no right to separate from the Union. Clause 2: States and Territories The First Sc...

Definition of Constitution For any country, its constitution is of the highest importance. It is greater than anything else—greater than any religion, greater than any ideology. If we talk about the definition of a constitution, it is a structure of rules, laws, and ethics that apply to a country. It is based on these rules and laws that every citizen of a nation is granted the right to live their life. The constitution is above any ideology. Whether a country’s constitution is good or bad is a separate issue, but how the country’s government and its people function depends largely on the constitution. Indian Constitution The Constitution of India is the largest written constitution in the world . India is also known as the world’s largest democracy . The Indian Constitution is considered both rigid and flexible , and it is regarded as highly practical . Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar is recognized as the principal architect of the Indian Constitution. It took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 d...

National Parties 1. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) The Bharatiya Janata Party is India’s largest political party and is currently in power. It is primarily dominant in the northern, central, and western regions of India, especially in Hindi-speaking states. The party follows a right-wing ideology and is often seen as the largest proponent of Hindutva. Its core principles include economic liberalization and nationalism. Since 2014, it has emerged as the dominant ruling party of the country. It was founded in 1980 by former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani. Currently, Narendra Modi serves as India’s Prime Minister from this party. 2. Indian National Congress (INC) The Indian National Congress is considered the oldest political party in India. It has historically had influence across almost every state. The party primarily follows a left-wing ideology, advocating for social liberalism and secularism. After India’s independence and until 2014, it was the domin...

India Has Progressed, But At What Cost? India has come a long way since independence and continues to grow at a remarkable pace. Despite various obstacles and pretentiousness, we chose progress, we chose science — while many other countries lagged behind. However, in this pursuit of continuous development, there are numerous issues that continue to weaken us from within. We often proclaim that India will become a Vishwaguru (world teacher), but the real question is — why do we want to become a Vishwaguru? And why does it feel like India is running this race alone? Of course, everyone has their own way of claiming greatness. But to develop meaningfully, a clear and collective vision is necessary. Yes, India has certainly made strides in development. But has it developed in the way it truly should have? The reality is — a significant gap still exists in India’s modernization. It often seems like we aspire to progress, but we are not serious about it. What is the Gap in Modern...

  The Spiral of the Universe: The Three Stages of Everything To me, the universe feels like a spiral. It appears circular, yet it's not a closed loop. Every time it turns, something changes, new possibilities arise, and nothing ever repeats exactly the same. Everything, from the tiniest atom to the vastest galaxy, seems to follow a recurring pattern of three essential stages: Death Possibilities Birth Even within these stages, the same cycle exists. Death consists of: the birth of death, its possibilities, and the death of death. Possibilities carry their own birth, transformation, and end. And birth too is incomplete without its death and the possibilities it creates. In essence, the flow of the universe might be visualized like this: ...>Death<>Possibility<>Birth<>Possibility<>Death<... When the universe dies, new possibilities emerge. If the Big Bang truly happened, then it could be the death of a former universe. The explosion created gal...

Mother India (1957) Genre: Epic Drama, Social Realism Trailer Directed by: Mehboob Khan Written by: Mehboob Khan Produced by: Mehboob Khan Cinematography: Faredoon A. Irani Music & Audio: Naushad (Music), R. D. Mathur (Sound Design) Country: India Language: Hindi Release Date: 25 October 1957 Running Time: 172 minutes Screenplay by: Wajahat Mirza, S. Ali Raza Based on: Aurat (1940), also directed by Mehboob Khan Production Company: Mehboob Productions Distributed by: Mehboob Productions Edited by: Shamsudin Kadri Awards: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi, Filmfare Awards (Best Film, Best Director), India's first official submission to the Oscars 1. Gridline Ratings: G4/5 2. Plot Summary: Mother India tells the story of Radha, a woman who endures immense personal loss, poverty, and social hardship to uphold her moral integrity and responsibilities as a mother. Set in a rural Indian village, the narrative spans multiple ...